USING AND EVALUATING INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

Instructional Materials- these are devices that assists the facilitator in the teaching-learning process.

            -Instructional materials are not self-supporting; they are supplementary training devices.

3 Basic types of Instructional Materials

*The First type of Instructional Materials

The first type of instructional materials includes such objects and phenomena as minerals, rocks, raw materials, semi-finished and finished manufactured articles, and plant and animal specimen.

*The Second type of Instructional Materials

The second type of instructional materials that of representations of actual objects and phenomena, includes three-dimensional materials, two-dimensional materials, and audiovisual materials.

*The Third type of Instructional materials

The third type of instructional materials, that of written descriptions, includes scientific, scholarly, reference, and methodological teaching aids.

Guidelines in Selecting Instructional Materials

•      Give a true picture of the ideas they present

•      Contribute to the attainment of the learning objective

•      Be appropriate to the age, intelligence, and experience of the learners.

•      Be in good and satisfactory condition

•      Provide for a teacher’s guide

•      Help develop the critical and creative thinking powers of students

•      Be worth time, expense and effort involved

The Proper Use of Materials

Hayden Smith and Thomas Nagel (1972) book authors on Instructional Media.

-Advised us to abide by the acronym PPPF.

PPPF

P– Prepare yourself

P—Prepare your student

P—Present the material

F—Follow up

Prepare Yourself

You know your lesson objective and what you expect from the class after the session and why you have selected such particular instructional material.

Prepare your students

Set reasonably high class expectations and learning goals. Motivate them and keep them interested and engaged.

Present the Material

Using media and materials, especially if they are mechanical in nature, often requires rehearsal and a carefully planned performance. This is to avoid what they call R.O.G Syndrome or Running out of Gas. This syndrome usually occurs due to the lack of planning.

Follow Up

            You use the instructional for the attainment of a lesson objective.

Making Connection

9 Instructional events by Robert Gagne

1. Gain attention (Reception)

2. Inform learner of objectives (Expectancy)

3. Stimulate recall of prior learning (Retrieval)

4. Presents stimulus materials (Selective Perception)

5. Provide learner guidance (Semantic Encoding)

6. Elicit performance (Responding)

7. Provide feedback (Reinforcement)

8. Assess performance (Retrieval)

9. Enhance retention transfer (Generalization)